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Cancer Screening & Diagnostics
When to Get Cancer Screenings
Cancer screening recommendations are set by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force. Together with your primary care provider, you’ll determine which cancer screenings are right for you based on your age, ethnicity, sex, and family history.
Many people begin several routine cancer screenings in their 40s, though this may vary based on your individual risk factors.
Cancer screenings include:
- Breast cancer screenings
- Cervical cancer screening
- Colorectal cancer screenings
- Lung cancer screening
- Prostate cancer screening
- Skin cancer screening
What Cancer Screenings Do I Need?
For those at average risk for cancer, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force and Essentia Health providers recommend the following screening schedule:
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Ages 21-39
- Cervical cancer screening. Recommended for people with a cervix every 3 years from ages 21 to 29. At age 30, experts recommend a human papillomavirus (HPV) and Pap test every 5 years.
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Ages 40-49
- Breast cancer screening. Start yearly mammograms at age 40.
- Cervical cancer screening. Continue HPV and Pap tests every 5 years.
- Colorectal cancer screening. Begin screenings at age 45. Depending on your risk factors, you may need to start sooner. Talk with your primary care team about your screening options.
- Prostate cancer screening. Discuss with your provider starting at age 45 to determine if it’s right for you.
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Ages 50+
- Breast cancer screening. Continue every year. However, you and your provider may decide you need mammograms less often.
- Cervical cancer screening. Continue combination HPV and Pap test every 5 years until age 65.
- Colorectal cancer screening. Continue screening. The frequency will vary depending on the best screening option for you.
- Lung cancer screening. Recommended for people who meet specific criteria:
- You are 50 to 77 years old
- You are a current smoker or quit less than 15 years ago
- You have a smoking history of 20 pack-years (1 pack a day for 20 years or 2 packs a day for 10 years)
- Prostate cancer screening. Discussions should continue with your primary care provider.
It is important to note that the screening guidelines are recommended for those at average risk of cancer. If you have a family history of cancer or are at higher risk because of other factors, talk with your care team about the best schedule for you. You may also consider genetic testing and counseling to help determine if you’re at higher risk of developing certain cancers.
Diagnosing Cancer
If your screening shows signs of cancer, your provider will explain next steps. Cancer screenings involve different types of tests, which can include:
- Physical examination – Checks your body for any changes, like unusual lumps or moles.
- Imaging procedure – Shows the inside of your body to help identify the location, size, and stage of cancer. Breast, colorectal, and lung cancer screenings are done through imaging.
- Lab testing – Checks blood, urine, or tissues for signs of cancer. Cervical and prostate cancer screenings are examples of tests completed through lab testing.
If cancer is detected, your provider will refer you to an oncologist—a doctor who specializes in cancer care. Your oncology care team will work with you to develop a personalized care plan.
Learn More
To learn more about cancer services and resources, visit our newsroom.